Quadratic equation
Quadratic extension

The classic approach to solve a quadratic equation of the form


Quadrat

Is the method of the quadratic extension. Therefore we first divide the whole equation by A and get


Quadrat

Now the idea is to get to a form of (x + G)^2 = H. therefore we add B^2/(4 A^2). This term is called the quadratic extension and out equation looks like


Quadrat

Now the left part is a binomial and this can be written as


Quadrat

Or with the right part brought to one line


Quadrat

The root on both sides is


Quadrat

And resolved for x


Quadrat

Basically that’s it.

But there are special cases:

If B2 < 4AC the root will be imaginary and we get 2 conjugate complex results as

Quadrat

So a sample equation of

x2 – 2x + 5 = 0

has the 2 solutions

x1 = 1 + j2
x2 = 1 – j2